Civil and Energy Research

A Promising World of Civilization

Yong Yuan — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

A review of tunnelling caused ground surface settlement prediction with artificial intelligence method

Zekun Zhu, Chang Liu — Tue, 04 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The accuracy of surface settlement predictions, which aim to limit theoretical, numerical and experimental simulation errors, is influenced by several factors, including parameter values, assumption conditions and other limitations. However, the recent introduction of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has provided new ideas for surface settlement prediction. In this paper, the advances of ML and DL in surface settlement prediction are systematically reviewed. The classification of surface settlement prediction methods is first conducted based on the principles of commonly used ML and DL algorithms, including maximum surface settlement prediction and surface settlement time series prediction. Existing studies are then analysed, and common methods for improving prediction accuracy are presented. Finally, the performance of common ML and DL algorithms in predicting surface settlement is compared using the Kunming dataset. The study then draws conclusions based on the results of the comparative studies and literature research, highlighting the impact of dataset quality and feature selection on the generalisation ability of prediction models and the real-time prediction ability of existing studies.

Planar optical fibre sensor systems for real-time structural health monitoring of advanced composite structures

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite materials is critical for ensuring the reliability and longevity of high-performance engineering systems. This review comprehensively examines the advancements, challenges, and applications of flat optical fibre sensors (FOFS) for real-time strain monitoring in composite structures. Traditional electrical strain gauges and piezoelectric sensors face limitations in multiplexing, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and integration within composite layups. In contrast, FOFS offer unique advantages, including high spatial resolution, compatibility with composite manufacturing processes, and immunity to EMI. This paper analyses the working principles of FOFS, their fabrication techniques, integration methodologies, and signal interrogation systems. Case studies from aerospace, civil engineering, and renewable energy sectors underscore their practical efficacy. Challenges such as signal attenuation, temperature cross-sensitivity, and long-term durability are critically evaluated. The review concludes with future directions, including nanotechnology-enhanced sensors and machine learning-driven data analytics.